Методическая разработка для преподавателя по теме: «Из истории медицины»

ГОУ СПО СК «Кисловодский медицинский колледж»

Методическая разработка

для преподавателя
по теме: «Из истории медицины»
_{«HIPPOCRATES»}

Составитель:

преподаватель

английского языка

Гакинульян Л.С.

г. Кисловодск 2010 г

2. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

HIPPOCRATES
(460-377 B.C.)

Hippocrates was the wisest and the greatest practitioner and a teacher of medicine. Hippocrates was born in Greece. He was a son of a doctor. Hippocrates studied medicine and than went from town to town where he practised the art of medicine. It is known that he drove out the plague from Athens by lighting fires in the streets of the city. We don't know much about the life of Hippocrates but we have his writings which are called Hippocratic Collection. The Collection consists of more than one hundred books. Some of Hippocratic thoughts are quite modern. The Collection begins with the famous Oath.

His Aphorisms are well known for example "Life is short and the art long; opportunity fleeting; experiment dangerous and judgement difficult" writes Hippocrates and advises the doctor to be prepared to do the right thing at the right time.

This great physician taught his pupils to examine the patient very attentively and to give him quick help. "It is necessary to begin with the most important things and those most easily recognized." The physician should study the entire patient and his environment, and should view disease with the eyes of the naturalist. That is the message of Hippocrates, as fresh today as it was 2400 years ago. He created medicine on the basis of experience.

Hippocrates freed medicine from superstition. He established the facts that disease was a natural process, that its symptoms were the reactions of the body to the disease and that the chief function of the physician was to aid the natural forces of the body. He hated the idea that a disease was the punishment of gods. "Every disease has its own nature and arises from external causes, from cold, from the sun, or from changing winds." He advises the physician who is going to set up practise in an unfamiliar town, to observe the prevailing winds, the water supply, the nature of the soil and the habits of the people. From this information he will be able to deduce what diseases are the most prevalent.

The method of Hippocratic treatment should regulate the work of nature. "It is nature itself that finds the way; ... it does what is proper."

Hippocrates paid much attention to diet, gymnastics, massage, sea-bathing in treatment. At the height of disease nourishment should be lessened. In fevers a liquid diet is recommended, also in cases of wounds. Wine is allowed in small doses.

As narcotics were used: belladonna, opium, mandragora, etc. Remedies for external use were: vinegar, olive oil, and wine, applied in compresses, irrigations, and in treatment of wounds. Various fatty substances were used for diseases of the eyes; preparations of lead, copper, and arsenic for various diseases of the skin, etc.

The final aim of Hippocratic therapy: to maintain, in whatever way possible, the energies of the individual, with proper diet, with hygienic measures, and with the prescriptions, individualized for each case.

He knew the use of many drugs and was also a good surgeon. Hippocrates set fractures and even trephined the skull.

He gave valuable information about surgical knowledge and technique of the period, the instruments, the position of the light and the assistants, and stress is laid upon the need for "ability, speed, painlessness, elegance and readiness".

Aristotle, the famous philosopher, called him "Hippocrates the great"

3. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения:

1. 
   Гиппократ был известен как хороший хирург, врач и учитель.
   
2. 
   Многие его мысли являются весьма актуальными и сегодня.
   
3. 
   Мы мало знаем о жизни Гиппократа. Он родился до нашей эры и умер в 377 - 359 г.г. до н.э.
   
4. 
   Использование лекарственных растений, диеты, морских ванн, массажа и
   гимнастики важно и в современной медицине.
   
5. 
   Он обучал своих учеников осматривать больных внимательно и обращать внимание на правильное питание.
   
6. 
   Болезнь - это естественный процесс, а ее симптомы - это реакция организма на болезнь.
   
7. 
   Мы должны помочь естественным силам организму.
   
8. 
   Приехав в чужой город, узнайте привычки людей.
   
9. 
   Я рекомендую вам жидкую диету.
   
10. 
    Различные болезни кожи Гиппократ лечил препаратами меди, свинца и
    мышьяком
    

4. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующим словам и выражениям:

изучал медицину, известно, что..., изгнал чуму из Афин, у нас есть его письменные труды, жизнь коротка, знаменитая клятва, естественный процесс, незнакомый город, прекрасный врач, тщательно обследовать пациентов, ненавидел мысль, природа сама найдет путь, для наружного применения, как использовать многие лекарства, лечение ран, хороший хирург, трепанировать череп, ценная информация, уделять внимание.

5. Найдите в тексте русские эквиваленты следующим словам и выражениям:

to be born, went to town, to drive out, to be called, to be quite modern, a teacher of medicine, opportunity is fleeting, to do the right thing at the right time, the natural forces of the body, chief function, habits of the people, it does what is proper, in case of wounds, were used, the final aim, to give quick help, the punishment of gods, hygienic measures, surgical knowledge, for each case, in treatment, the famous philosopher.
6. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. 
   Where was Hippocrates born?
   
2. 
   What was his father?
   
3. 
   Where did he practise the art of medicine?
   
4. 
   How did he drive out plague from Athens?
   
5. 
   How many books does the Collection consist of?
   
6. 
   What does the Collection begin with?
   
7. 
   Was Hippocrates an excellent practitioner or a teacher or a teacher of medicine?
   
8. 
   What did he teach his pupils?
   
9. 
   What was his medicine based on?
   
10. 
    What idea did he hate?
    
11. 
    What was the final aim of Hippocratic therapy?
    
12. 
    Was he a good surgeon?
    

7. Задайте 10 вопросов к тексту.
8. Переведите текст со словарем и вставьте необходимые предлоги или наречия:

In an attempt to explain states ... the disease and health, Hippocrates defined the existence of four principal fluids ... the body. They were blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile. He also suggested that there were four elemental conditions — cold, hot, dry and moist — and that a state ... health existed when these four fluids and qualities were in balance. Disruption ... the natural balance would result in disease; for example, too much phlegm made the body too cold and too wet.
9. Расскажите:

• 
  что вы знаете о жизни Гиппократа.
  
• 
  что вы знаете о методах лечения Гиппократа.
  
• 
  почему Аристотель назвал его «Великий Гиппократ»? Вы согласны с этим?